:root {
  /* Modern color palette with better contrast and accessibility */
  --primary: #2563eb;
  --primary-dark: #1d4ed8;
  --secondary: #64748b;
  --accent: #2563eb;
  --text: #1e293b;
  --text-muted: #64748b;
  --border: #e2e8f0;
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --bg-alt: #f8fafc;
  --shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  --radius: 8px;
  --radius-sm: 4px;
  --radius-lg: 12px;
  --transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
  --text-secondary: #475569;
}

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--bg);
  line-height: 1.8;
  font-size: 16px;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: 'Merriweather', Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

h1 { font-size: 2.5rem; }
h2 { font-size: 2rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.25rem; }

.container {
  width: 90%;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: auto;
}

.site-header {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 1rem 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
}

.nav-container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

nav ul {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

nav a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: var(--transition);
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

nav a:hover,
nav a.active {
  color: var(--primary);
}

nav a.active::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--primary);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.hero {
  display: block;
  padding: 2rem 0;
}

.hero-top {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.hero-bio {
  width: 100%;
}

.hero-bio .bio {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.hero-text h1 {
  font-size: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

.hero-text h2 {
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-top: 0;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.institution {
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.bio {
  margin: 2rem 0;
  max-width: 600px;
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.hero-image img {
  width: 320px;
  height: 320px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  object-fit: cover;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.hero-image img:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}

.btn-primary {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  color: white;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin-right: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: var(--transition);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-block;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.btn-secondary {
  color: var(--primary);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: var(--transition);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  display: inline-block;
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  border-color: var(--primary);
}

.section {
  padding: 5rem 0;
}

.section h3 {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  color: var(--text);
  position: relative;
}

.section h3::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -0.5rem;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  width: 60px;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 2.5rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.card {
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 2rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--bg);
  transition: var(--transition);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  border-color: var(--primary);
}

.card h4 {
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.card p {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 3rem 0;
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 6rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  background: var(--bg-alt);
}

/* Smooth scrolling */
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Focus styles for accessibility */
*:focus {
  outline: 2px solid var(--primary);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Reduced motion for users who prefer it */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
  }
}

/* Publications Page Styles */
.publications-hero {
  padding: 6rem 0 4rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-alt) 0%, var(--bg) 100%);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.publications-hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 20% 50%, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1) 0%, transparent 50%),
              radial-gradient(circle at 80% 20%, rgba(147, 51, 234, 0.1) 0%, transparent 50%);
  z-index: 1;
}

.publications-hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.publications-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.publications-subtitle {
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 2.5vw, 1.375rem);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.publications-stats {
  padding: 4rem 0;
  background: var(--bg);
}

.publications-stats .stats-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.publications-stats .stat-item {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.publications-stats .stat-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.publications-stats .stat-number {
  font-size: 3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  display: block;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

.publications-stats .stat-label {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.publications-filter {
  padding: 3rem 0;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.filter-controls {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.search-control {
  position: relative;
  flex: 1;
}

.search-control input {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 1rem 3rem 1rem 1.5rem;
  border: 2px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 1rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.search-control input:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--primary);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
}

.search-icon {
  position: absolute;
  right: 1rem;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.filter-controls-group {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.filter-controls-group select {
  padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
  border: 2px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 1rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  min-width: 200px;
}

.filter-controls-group select:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--primary);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);
}

.publications-list {
  padding: 4rem 0;
  background: var(--bg);
}

.publications-container {
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.year-group {
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.year-heading {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary);
  display: inline-block;
}

.publication-card {
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.publication-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  border-color: var(--primary);
}

.publication-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 4px;
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.publication-card:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
}

.publication-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.publication-type {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
  background: var(--primary);
  color: white;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.publication-year {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.publication-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.publication-authors {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.publication-authors strong {
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.publication-venue {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.publication-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.publication-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--primary);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  border: 1px solid var(--primary);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.publication-link:hover {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: white;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.research-areas {
  padding: 6rem 0;
  background: var(--bg-alt);
}

/* Error Message */
.error-message {
  background: #fee;
  border: 1px solid #fcc;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 2rem;
  margin: 2rem 0;
  text-align: center;
  color: #c00;
}

.error-message p {
  margin: 0.5rem 0;
}

.no-publications {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 3rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-style: italic;
}

.research-areas-content {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.research-card {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  background: var(--bg);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.research-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.research-icon {
  font-size: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  display: block;
}

.research-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-card p {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .publications-hero {
    padding: 4rem 0 3rem;
  }
  
  .publications-stats .stats-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  
  .publications-stats .stat-item {
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .filter-controls-group {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  
  .filter-controls-group select {
    min-width: auto;
  }
  
  .publication-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
  
  .publication-links {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  
  .research-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .publications-stats .stats-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  
  .publication-card {
    padding: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .publication-title {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
  }
}

/* Animation classes */
.animate-in {
  animation: fadeInUp 0.6s ease-out forwards;
}

@keyframes fadeInUp {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

/* Initial state for animations */
.card {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(30px);
  transition: opacity 0.6s ease-out, transform 0.6s ease-out;
}

.card.animate-in {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Staggered animation for cards */
.card:nth-child(1) { transition-delay: 0.1s; }
.card:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: 0.2s; }
.card:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: 0.3s; }
.card:nth-child(4) { transition-delay: 0.4s; }

/* Modern CSS features */
/* CSS Grid improvements */
.card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 2.5rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  grid-auto-rows: 1fr; /* Equal height cards */
}

/* Subgrid for better alignment (when supported) */
@supports (grid-template-columns: subgrid) {
  .card {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: auto 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
}

/* CSS Custom Properties for dynamic theming */
:root {
  /* Existing variables */
  --primary: #2563eb;
  --primary-dark: #1d4ed8;
  --secondary: #64748b;
  --accent: #2563eb;
  --text: #1e293b;
  --text-muted: #64748b;
  --border: #e2e8f0;
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --bg-alt: #f8fafc;
  --shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  --radius: 8px;
  --transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
  
  /* New CSS variables */
  --gradient-primary: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  --gradient-subtle: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #e2e8f0 100%);
  --glass-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  --glass-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

/* Glass morphism effect for header */
.site-header {
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
}

/* CSS Clamp for responsive typography */
.hero-text h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
}

/* CSS Logical properties for better internationalization */
.hero-text {
  padding-inline: 1rem;
  margin-block: 2rem;
}

/* CSS aspect-ratio for better image handling */
.hero-image img {
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* CSS :is() and :where() for better specificity management */
:is(.btn-primary, .btn-secondary):hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

:where(.card, .section) {
  transition: var(--transition);
}

/* CSS Container queries (when supported) */
@container (min-width: 600px) {
  .card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  }
}

/* CSS Logical properties for spacing */
.container {
  padding-inline: 1rem;
  margin-inline: auto;
}

/* CSS color-scheme support */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --text: #f1f5f9;
    --text-muted: #94a3b8;
    --bg: #0f172a;
    --bg-alt: #1e293b;
    --border: #334155;
    --glass-bg: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.85);
    --glass-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  }
}

/* Teaching Page Styles */
.teaching-hero {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-alt) 0%, var(--bg) 100%);
  padding: 6rem 0 4rem;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.teaching-hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 30% 20%, rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.1) 0%, transparent 50%),
              radial-gradient(circle at 70% 80%, rgba(29, 78, 216, 0.1) 0%, transparent 50%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.teaching-hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.teaching-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.teaching-subtitle {
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 2.5vw, 1.375rem);
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.teaching-section {
  padding: 1rem 0;
  position: relative;
}

.teaching-section.bg-alt {
  background: var(--bg-alt);
}

.section-header {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.section-title {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--text);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.section-description {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.course-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.course-card {
  background: var(--bg);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.0rem ;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.course-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.course-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.course-card:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
}

.course-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.course-title {
  font-size: 1.375rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.course-level {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  color: white;
  padding: 0.375rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.course-description {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.course-topics {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.topic-tag {
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  color: var(--primary);
  padding: 0.375rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.topic-tag:hover {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: white;
  border-color: var(--primary);
}

.supervision-content {
  display: block;  /* Single column flow */
  gap: 0;
}

.supervision-text {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.supervision-text h3 {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.supervision-description {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.7;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.supervision-areas h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.supervision-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.supervision-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.supervision-list li::before {
  content: '→';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.supervision-stats {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.stat-item {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2rem;
  background: var(--bg);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.stat-number {
  display: block;
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-dark));
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  font-weight: 500;
}


/* Clean PhD student cards (sober academic style) */
.phd-students-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}


.phd-student-card {
  padding: 0.75rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--primary);
  background: var(--bg-alt);
  border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
  transition: none; /* No hover animations - keeps it sober */
}

.phd-student-card h4 {
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.phd-student-card .thesis-topic {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.phd-student-card .student-detail {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin: 0;
}

/* Responsive: keep single column on all screens */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .phd-students-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

.philosophy-content {
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.philosophy-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.philosophy-card {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  background: var(--bg);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.philosophy-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.philosophy-icon {
  font-size: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  display: block;
}

.philosophy-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.philosophy-card p {
  color: var(--text-muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .teaching-hero {
    padding: 4rem 0 3rem;
  }
  
  .course-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .course-card {
    padding: 2rem;
  }
  
    
  .philosophy-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .course-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  
  .supervision-stats {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  
  .topic-tag {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  }
}

/* Publications */

.filters {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

input, select {
  padding: 0.5rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.publication {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.publication-title {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.publication-venue {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.year-heading {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* Enhanced responsive design */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .hero {
    gap: 3rem;
    padding: 4rem 0;
  }
  
  .hero-text h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    width: 95%;
  }
  
  .nav-container {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  
  nav ul {
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  
  .hero {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 3rem 0 2rem;
    min-height: auto;
  }
  
  .hero-text h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
  
  .hero-text h2 {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
  }
  
  .hero-image img {
    width: 250px;
    height: 250px;
  }
  
  .hero-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    align-items: center;
  }
  
  .btn-primary,
  .btn-secondary {
    margin-right: 0;
    width: 200px;
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  .card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
  
  .section {
    padding: 3rem 0;
  }
  
  .section h3 {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .hero-text h1 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
  }
  
  .hero-image img {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
  }
  
  nav ul {
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }
  
  nav a {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
}